There are two theories about the universe that in the twentieth century. were compared to each other: the steady state theory and the theory of Big Bang, which is geared towards the vast majority of the votes.
Steady State: The universe had an origin, but there has always been average, which looks the same in every point in space and at all times.
According to this theory, over time you create of matter in each region of space to maintain a constant average density of the Universe, which tends to decrease as a result of the expansion.
The theory, developed by the British Hermann Bondi and Thomas Gold, Dittus is in the 50s, especially on English Fred Hoyle.
Big Bang: The Beginning of the Universe. It is marked by particular events, the Big Bang (in English, "big bang") is the moment when the universe begins to expand, from temperature and density enormously large (you might think that all matter in the Universe in the very first moment cough concentrated in one spot). It is believed that the Big Bang occurred between 15 and 20 billion years ago.
The exact moment of origin is not easy to determine.
fact, the only way is to determine the precise value of the Hubble constant, the rate of current expansion, and work backwards.
This measurement is done by observing the rate of removal of a large number of galaxies near and far, now with the help of the space telescope Hubble precisely what is Chama.
The first moments after the Big Bang: The Universe expanded, cooled and formed protons, neutrons, electrons, and subsequently the nuclei of helium, these events demanded a few minutes.
After about 600 000 years, the electrons joined to form protons and hydrogen atoms. In this initial phase, the radiation and matter in the universe interact strongly with each other so that they can not be considered separately.
But starting from the 'epoch of recombination "of hydrogen on the follow its evolution: the gas that filled the universe was formed, the influence of gravity, condensation of matter that gave rise to galaxies and stars.
The fossil radiation: The radiation instead continued to fill this space I smoothly, gradually decreasing energy as the expansion continued, the Big Bang theory makes it possible to predict which characteristics this radiation should have today (call or tossile radiation background radiation at 3 ° K). In 1965 the removal of round you accidentally detected by the U.S. A. Penzias and R. Wilson, and this discovery led to the emergence of the Big Bang theory on the steady state, unable to explain it.
Further investigations and observations have increasingly confirmed the theory, which is therefore called "standard model"
FUTURE DEVELOPMENT
depends on the amount of matter in the Universe. Because each piece of matter has on every other part of a gravitational pull which tends to curb the expansion of the Universe, can envisage two different future scenarios: an open universe or a closed universe.
open Universe: The amount of matter is not enough to stop the expansion, which then continues indefinitely.
closed Universe: The amount of matter is enough to stop the expansion at some point it begins a process of contraction that causes a "retreat" in order to be a huge implosion of the universe, called the Big Crunch, as opposed to an event Big Bang.
Some speculate that the Big Crunch would be followed by another Big Bang, and so on, in a cyclic process.
The data we currently hold would favor an open universe. However, there the so-called problem of the missing mass, which would undermine the hypothesis of the universe is closed.
It was discovered by observing clusters of galaxies and the stars at the center of our galaxy (Milky Way) that their movement is faster than what is justified by the visible mass (stars, intergalactic dust, etc.).
This invisible mass - which may be given to blacks holes, opaque objects (such as planets or brown dwarfs) and not visible, or even by the neutrino, if it turns out, as it seems, have a mass, albeit small - that would be to justify the hypothesis of the universe is closed (or oscillating).
The truth is that we still know little about natural laws that govern the origin of the universe at time zero.
Our best theories (relativity and how many) allow us to investigate adu significantly until a time equal to 1 / 1043 of a second, but not up to scratch!.
It is hoped much from the integration of relativity and how many. It also assumes that the zero point is the origin, as well as space-time, and then energy and mass, even of the same physical laws.
If this were to investigate in this direction, there would be a true theory of everything, that is a model that explains not only the evolution of the entire universe, but also the details of its origin.
site: www.geocities.com/codadilupo_2000/univ.htm
images from: http://mysterium.blogosfere.it/2008/03/in-nuovo-libro-rivoluzionarie-tesi-sulle-origini-del-cosmo.html
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