EVIL PASSIONS AND ITS RECOVERY EVIL AND ITS RECOVERY
Adriano Voltolin
E 'explained that in Kleinian psychoanalysis, overcoming the paranoid-schizoid position is linked to the ability to tolerate the risk of investing his aggression with even the good breast. It is on this fact, the tolerance stands riparatività which is the fundamental characteristic of the depressive position. The split that is originally underlying these phenomena, although to be reduced in order to access the depressività, does provide an unavoidable step in the mental development of children. Bion's great insight about the positive aspect of projective identification helps us to clarify a point, however, of great importance: it is necessary that the mother can be a container for the projection of aggression anxiety and feelings of the child without establishing a game back of the objects shown, if this indeed happens, the child was unable to find the reality within which an object can convey all that is bad and scary, not could only proceed with processing solitary anguish with predictable pathological consequences. The achievement of the depressive position is therefore expected that there was previously a reasonable primary division between good and bad objects, between good and evil. Situations of insufficient cleavage are observed in some severe borderline pathology, but also, in the opinion of the writer, seem to be present in the paintings of depression of some significance
[1] .
E 'right through the presentation of a session and two dreams of a depressed patient who will try to prove the thesis of an insufficient primary cleavage in these pathologies.
The patient is a man of sixty years, a middle school teacher recently retired. It 'a very intelligent, has tried for a while' time, at the time of his studies, to follow the work of Franco Fornari, the idea of \u200b\u200bbecoming an analyst has been stroked, but then dropped because, probably of depression. He started his early twenties, Klein's analysis, but, after four years of work, His analyst was not suddenly a bad thing because of lightning. He, who was the last of six children, one male, had always had an image of the mother as a woman worn out, exhausted by too many children - at least this was his idea - and always unable to give him that ' attention and love that would be expected. The grief for the death of the analyst had then appeared as a new loss of a woman / mother and devoted attention. It was, at the news of this death, locked in the house for a few days and had started to build a chair-compulsive scale of the ones fitted to submarines (the theme of sinking into the abyss and will be a recurring issue of its analysis). After years had repeatedly tried to start another analysis, but all the experiences he had seemed disappointing. Intrigued by the good test result that had seemed to see in a patient of mine known by him to it, comes at one point asking a consultation. The uncertainty and fear on his return once again advised to undertake a job analysis with a low number of sessions per week and without the use of the couch. The meeting is reported here is the last before a summer holiday: the issues of use of the analytic couch and increased weekly frequency in the meantime had been taken into account. The patient
starts talking about saying that this is the last session before the holidays. It seemed strange not to feel a sense of loss and resentment. I note that he's forgotten to pay the last session and that this act probably indicates a repression of feelings to which he alluded. If you noticed it just came out, he says, and he apologized, but it seems to hear my observation as marginal. He says he has never clearly explained what feelings perhaps has for me. I note that the transition to the crib and the increase in the number of weekly sessions are things that have always communicated a sense of uncertainty and fear, and then probably also an ambivalent feeling towards me. Agrees with this and says it knows that is indeed the case.
However, he wants to tell me two dreams, he feels is most important to him right now tell me these dreams that dwell on the issues just mentioned.
First dream: he killed a frail old woman and is caught by the horror and guilt for having done something irretrievable, and whose guilt, he argues, can never be free. The terrible to make a crime, he notes, is also unable to go back, think again.
Associate dream to remember when they were then engaged, he offered to take the old dog at home of woman with whom he lived and then had two daughters. The girl and her mother had to go by train to find the other daughter who was hospitalized in a community for substance abusers. The dog was very spoiled, cry continually, dirty. He, who had never had great sympathy for the animals, exasperated, at one point dropped the kick. The dog brought back such a fright by having a stroke, within a few hours, led to death. The incident seemed so shameful and terrible that it can not be confessed. He told his girlfriend that the stroke had occurred for a fight with the cat and that he had never revealed to anyone until this thing this morning.
The second association is related to my grandmother instead of his old girlfriend she loved much. They lived together, grandmother and grandson, because the girl's parents were both dead, and the young man had no other relatives. They lived in a small suburban house then, in Gluck, dark and without heating (a house that the patient defines a poverty dostoevskjiana). The old woman ran a trattoria for workers, cooks very well and was happy when I said it.
second dream: the dream is located in South Africa he associates it with Heart of Darkness, the famous story of Conrad.
There is a city with a rectangular shape that contains another, smaller, rectangular well. The perimeter walls of the city and outside the show as a place of social and civil life. The inner city is entirely manned by fifteen soldiers is a safe place because there is kept in secret, evil. It 's the place of evil and horror. The area enclosed by the walls consists of written text as the printed pages of the newspapers, then the entire space occupied by the texture of writing. To hide even more evil, the text of the inner city is actually photographed as are the scanned texts. It is therefore not a true test, as it seems, but only an image. Thus what appears written has no meaning to understand.
Associates fifteen soldiers to his fifteen years when, on holiday at the sea, a wonderful girl, her friend, was in love with him and invited him to kiss her slip underwater. For him, the girl was the absolute beauty and purity. Says that he searched the internet and saw - he says with a tone of resigned melancholy - that girl, now a mature lady, is a lawyer.
The horror as a symptom of a split insufficient
The horror, a recurring theme in the analysis of this patient is given by the observation that the removal of intrusive and disturbing aspects of the dog, that her mother hated her because of His emotional distance
[2] not can be separated from the abolition of the quality represented by the grandmother of his girlfriend who lived in
via Gluck [3] . The hatred for the object is indeed associated with the patient to the kindness of an elderly woman and mother and to the punishment for a home of a dostoevskjana poverty, a poverty so almost sacred.
Horror is what stirs the sacred can be inaccessible, which is outside what the law includes, the ruler and then showed us Giorgio Agamben
[4] , and one who is banned and kill without guilt. The sovereign and the bandit are in philosophy of law, the inclusion of exclusion, taken from bodies the empire of law, exceptions. And 'the exceptional nature that inspires fear in the radical diversity, inaccessibility, the head of Medusa to stone those who look and are unable to say those who have been made part of the mysteries of Eleusis
[5] . Holy horror of Paul Valery speaks about the reaction to the presentation in Paris in 1865 in Olympia, the famous painting by Edouard Manet
[6] : the proposition of the nakedness of proletarian prostitute scandal, idol, power and public presence of a sordid secret society. The thin black ribbon around the neck of Olympia is the reference to bourgeois respectability of the young proletarian respingedone just want the body to exist, just as happens today with immigrants, out of the visibility of the civitas. This combination of horror is cha must be rejected at the perimeter of its opposite - the present - and the normal, horror, wrote Franco Rella, which is what remains as crouching in the mud of a swamp
[7] . Horror was the feeling evoked in the patient to the memory of a photograph of a Nazi concentration camp in which you see a man, waiting for the bullet that is going to kill him, shaking a child, pointing to his chest in a last gasp of protection and salvation, 'blue sky.
The horror is also the link between the first and second dream and the medium is Heart of Darkness. The protagonist of the novel by Conrad, Kurtz, masterfully made the film by Marlon Brando in Apocalypse Now by Francis Ford Coppola, sure of its culture and its mission, it is placed in contact with what lies beyond, with a gray area in what pity is a feeling to be rejected because it allows to survive and where the rights and wrongs of each other's become indistinguishable. We are in a limbo where the maximum of worship may be the killing, as Freud also stressed about the divinity in Totem and Taboo, and where anything can take the place of another. Kurtz who can afford anything satisfy any appetite and practice becomes any atrocities, as written by Hanna Segal, the first Devil Among the devils
[8] . Kurtz dies saying the horror, the horror
[9] . The horror also met, as did Dante - acute is the notation of Segal - in the darkness of the jungle and into the darkness of the primary drives where objects do not exist except in the guise of what meets them.
A topology of evil
Evil, in the second dream, is confined to the inner city. Outside the city appears instead as the place where it takes place, in an apparently smooth, the lives of individuals associated with it. The dream of the patient
subverts the arrangement between good and evil as he had represented for example in two frescoes by Ambrogio Lorenzetti, Good governance and bad governance in the Palazzo Pubblico of Siena
[10] . Good and evil are juxtaposed here are juxtaposed as the false Christ and Christ in the Last Judgement by Luca Signorelli in the fresco in Orvieto Cathedral, which was the object of admiration even by Freud. In both paintings, made a hundred and fifty years of distance between them, evil is something that is opposed to good, as the Devil in Christian iconography is opposed to God's dream patient shows us that however bad is inside the well and if you look at it from another point of view, there is a good which has the objective function to hide the bad. As noted in a work of extraordinary subtlety
Joan Riviere in 1937 [11] , the dream of the patient shows how good can serve to alienate and confuse the split-off aspects. The topology of the dream also shows you how evil is the innermost of the property, constitutes the core of most personal, as Freud had argued in 1915
[12] and had taken up more widely in 1921
[13] . The negative
[14] consisting of the inner city is the foundation, the interior of the Interior, of the good. If you imagine the perimeter walls of the city as something that defines the interior, the known, good, than their opposites, it is clear that what is inside - the evil - is therefore homologous to that which is outside . It is made so the figure of the bull that Lacan used to indicate the structure of the unconscious.
to garrison the place of evil, to prevent it can damage the civitas, the fifteen soldiers who are associated with the patient at the time of total love for the same age that led him to kiss her under water. The love of fifteen years is the patient how to love a woman ever that much in identifying what another session was indicated as a wonderful mother primary equates beauty and goodness. The fifteen men are guardians over the exact terms of the Kleinian riparatività, which protect the body from the attacks of good and evil that protects their integrity.
The resignation with which the patient said he had found on the Internet news of the wonderful little girl, now transformed into a mature lawyer, shows again the difficulty for him to bear the wonder of the female (the girl fifteen) can be approached by some less dazzling: a middle-aged woman who certainly on the time - like him - he worked eroding, along with the beauty enthusiasm. The man's love for the beauty and goodness can not access the gratitude that no longer corresponds to the idealization is not because he had to undergo a degradation rather than integration with reality. Frequently the patient is, for example, the derogatory references to their body fat and see that imbolsito (actually has a sixty by normal physical fitness and certainly not incapable of accepting the signs of aging on your body) seems totally incapable of finding in his physical person ages the guy who was definitely more toned and try indulgence for the attacks that age leads to youthful beauty. The body is old and ugly sole purpose of contempt and devaluation.
The consistency of evil
The city of evil, such as civil society, has, in the dream, his own area filled with blocks of print, but the area of \u200b\u200bthe inner city is full of a false writing, in fact it is not a true writing, but it is an image of writing as that obtained with the technique of scannering. Not just the text that covers the area of \u200b\u200bthe inner city is not really a text, but is the result of a falsehood as it not only double what you might read it bears no relation to truth, evil, but it also sets up a track totally misleading since the text itself is not a real text, but only an image of a text. Evil can not be said or not because it represented a ban, or horror, prevent it, but as we can see, the text-image, which is intended to be the only knowledge, but not outside, that we can have . It is no coincidence that the evil in the dream the patient has the same formal structure of the name of God in the Kabbalistic tradition: Yahoo is not the name of God, but the tetragrammaton which forms a seal that needs to hide the true name of God and thus the source of creation. The real name of God is what you do and then write the word, world, and Satan is the materiality of nature through which all this happens
[15] . The nature of evil is understandable because they do not have a reason as he had guessed the Kurtz of Heart of Darkness, evil is not penetrable, investigate the case because it puts in check the instruments themselves. It coincides with the point of collapse that theoretical physics called the black hole. If cease expansionary thrust of the big-bang, the universe would collapse into a point which we know nothing and we can not know anything because the tools of understanding that we possess are relative to the universe expanding. The horror of evil consists in his being without a reason. Jacques Lacan, among post-Freudian psychoanalysts, is the one that approached the importance of this issue with the notions of real and enjoyment
[16] , more recently, Kleinian psychoanalysts have resumed training with the line of force studies related to the centrality of the death instinct in the thought of Melanie Klein
[17] .
At some point in the session I tell the patient that does not seem to be able to endure what looks like sheer repetition, the insolence of the old dog, the constant depression of the mother, but also the fear of being ensnared in a new analysis that he fears, would re-awaken the paths already known and what has been said: is not to hate that avoids feelings towards me. Being in a state of suspension allows him to do the analysis without being a participant in a totally dangerous for you to experience itself, the analyst and their relationship. I replied that comes to mind an old song by Luigi Tenco, one day after another in it is about time and life that they go away from roads and houses are always the same, so the future is now past and dreams remain, and only those. It 'just this repetition identical to itself and without hope, she says, which led to suicide Tenco. Evil is as pure repetition, as that which has no end. And 'what Freud had warned in Al Beyond the Pleasure Principle when he was identified in the compulsion to repeat a demonic drive that leads to repeat the unpleasant experience in order to dominate
[18] .
pno piano back home disappointed. One day after another
life vae hope it is a habit now.
One day after another
time goes
roads always equal the same houses.
One day after another and everything is as before
one step after another
life itself. And his eyes around
cercanoquell'avvenire
who had dreamed dreams, but dreams are still
and the future is now almost gone. One day after
altrola vadomani life he will be a day like yesterday.
The ship has already left the harbor and shore
seems a distant point, someone even this
seratorna disappointed at home slowly. One day after another
life vae hope it is a habit now.
[1] As for the lyrics can be found in Klein's contribution to the psychogenesis of the Manic-Depressive (1935) and Notes on some schizoid mechanisms (1946) in Writings 1921-1958 Basic Books, Torino 1978 . For Bion Analysis of schizophrenics and method psychoanalytic Armando, Roma 1970. The states of insufficient cleavage show frequently, symptomatic terms, the phenomena of inversion and confusion between what is good and what is bad. Certain educational styles now appear to represent an objective difficulty in achieving a stable sinus difference between good and bad breast. See for example the case described by Lynda Miller "idealization and contempt: the two faces of the process of devaluation of the breast in relation to breastfeeding in Gianna Polacco Williams, Jane Desmarais, Kent Ravenscroft (ed.) The feeding difficulties in children . The generosity of Bruno Mondadori, Milano 2006
[2] The patient recalled that as a child, had frequently made of fantasies about the death of her mother when it happened that this delay in going to take the teacher who gave lessons in repetition. It recalls that this fantasy frightened him very much.
[3] The patient knows a little German. The way in Milan also known for the famous song by Adriano Celentano is named after the German composer Christoph Gluck lived in the eighteenth century, but the noun Gluck, in German, is a curious mixture of Glück (luck) and Gluck (hen)
[4 ] Giorgio Agamben, Homo sacer. The sovereign power and bare life Einaudi, Torino 1995
[5] on the look and the look in psychoanalysis refers to Adrian Voltolin The night of the soul. Symbol and symbolization in the theory and practice of psychoanalysis Franco Angeli, Milano 2000
[6] For a critical examination of the painting of Manet in Lacanian psychoanalytic perspective Contardo Calligaris, please refer to the picture and the frame Daedalus, Bari 1975
[7] Franco Rella Figure evil Feltrinelli, Milano 2002, pag.85
[8] Hanna Segal Psychoanalysis, Literature and War, Routledge, London 1997
[9] Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness Feltrinelli, Milano 1995, pag.101
[10] the sides of the government, symbolized by a solemn old man, are Temperance, Justice, Prudence, Fortitude and Peace. Figures appear instead of the bad government tyranny, cruelty, treachery, fraud, Furore, discord, war. While justice is trampled upon, they appear at the top of the fresco Greed, arrogance and vainglory
[11] Joan Riviere, "I hate, greed and aggression" in Melanie Klein and Joan Riviere Love, hate and repair Astrolabe , Rome, 1969
[12] Sigmund Freud's Metapsychology in OSF vol.VIII, Basic Books, Turin 1976, p.34
[13] Sigmund Freud's Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego in OSF vol.IX, Basic Books, 1977 Torino
[14] The negative appears to be in close correlation with evil. Goethe in Faust, the Devil has always denied that, as the Spirit (Wolfgang Goethe Faust Einaudi, Torino 1965, p. 40). Related to the death drive, but one foundation of detection, is also negative in the poetry of Eugenio Montale's famous passage of Ossi di sepia: Codest today we can only tell you, / what we are, what we do not want (Eugenio Montale All poems, Meridiani Mondadori, Milano 1984, p.29). On the subject of negative as the foundation of knowledge, see the beautiful work of John Phillips "The fissures of authority: the violence and acquisition of knowledge "in Reading Melanie Klein (edited by John Phillips and Lindsey Stonebridge, Routledge, London 1998
[15] See for this question Gershom Sholem The name of God and the Kabbalistic theory of language Adelphi, Milano 1998
[16] Jacques Lacan the seminar. Book VII. The Ethics of Psychoanalysis 1959-1960 Einaudi, Torino 1994 and Jacques Lacan, The Seminar. Book XXIII The symptom Astrolabe 1975-1976, Rome 2006
[17] See in About Julia Kristeva Melanie Klein.'s mother, madness Donzelli, Roma 2006
[18] Sigmund Freud Beyond the Pleasure Principle in OSF vol. IX, Hogarth, Torino 1977, pag.221
